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*Radhakishan Damani*, the promoter of *DMart*, has created a facility at *Gopal Mansion* near *Metro Cinema Queens Road Mumbai* containing 53 rooms for stay of family of patients undergoing treatment in Mumbai. It was inaugurated yesterday. It's very nicely done.  May refer for any such genuine need for well wishers.

Address:
Gopal Mansion
50, Queen Road (Cinema Lane)
Near Metro Cinema
Mumbai 400 020

Contact Details:
Whattsup App. Mobile
91 88799 86893
e.mail:
f...@gopalmansion.com
g...@gopalmansion.com
Tel No: 022 22055001/02

www.gopalmansion.com

Rates are
Very Reasonable
Breakfast 30
Lunch Thaali 75
Dinner Thaali  75
Rooms at   800
Kitchen and Dining Very Spacious.

Please share widely.
Hi All..
If you have relatives in Mumbai then pl. share this information to all. *We provide TIFFIN to  patients & relatives without any charges.* Area - South Mumbai
Hospitals:- Jaslok, Saifee, Bombay, Nair, J.J, all near to Mumbai Central and VT....
Contact details:-
U can also WhatsApp us
*Kalpesh Lodha 9967236006*
*Manoj Patwari 9820645070*
*Amrat Jain 9029373751*
At least forward to people who might be able to help by forwarding to others.

*R.K. Charitable Trust* have started Home Medical Equipment like
* *Wheelchair*
* *Suction Machine*
* *Waterbed*
* *Airbed*
* *Walker*
Free of cost for use (with Refundable Deposit)
Contact person:-
*Sanjay Shah 9322516628*
*Chintan Pandya :- 7666311942*
*Add:-17-D, Nisarga Apt. Near IDBI bank, Mahavir Nagar, Kandivali West Mumbai 67*
Please post this message in the known groups so that it gets circulated.

*SAI VILAYATRAI CHARITABLE POLYCLINIC*
"Kambar Darbar" Shantilal Modi Road, Opp Bhurabbhai Hall, Kandivali(W), Mumbai.
*T: 02265811644*
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*www.kambardarbar.org*

*DAY TIME CHGES*

1. *General OPD* ₹1/- only with medicines
Daily _11-30 am & 4-30 pm_

2. *X-Ray*  ₹100/-
Daily _9 am to 5-00 pm_ 

3. *ECG* ₹70.00
Daily _*9.00 am to11.00 am*_

4. *Pathology*  Highly subsidised rates. CBC ₹20/- only.
Daily _8.30 am to 12.00 noon_

5. *Eye Checkup* ₹20/-
Daily _3.30 pm_
Morn _9am: Wed, Fri, Sat._
Cataract Surgery: FREE with best Indian lens.
Lazer (Phaco) surgery:
₹5,300/- US imported non-foldable lens
₹10,000/- UK imported foldable aspheric lens.(Outside rateRs 40,000/-)

6. *Gynecology/ IVF/ Hysteroscopy* 
_Tue/Thur/Fri. 1 pm._

7. *Skin Spl.*  ₹20.00
Mon _3.30 pm_

8. *Orthopedic* ₹20.00
Tue _3.30 pm_

9. *Diabetic & Cardio*  ₹20.00
Wed _4.30 pm_

10. *Child Spl.*  ₹20.00
Fri  _5.30 pm_   

11. *Ear / Nose / Throat*  ₹20.00
Wed / Friday _3.30 pm_

12. *Dental* Nominal Charges R C charges: ₹750/-.
Daily _9.00 am to 1.00 pm_
Daily _2.00 pm to 5.00 pm_

13. *Dialysis* Free for BPL patients 
Daily ( Phone: 28067645 )

14. *Cervical cancer* (Uterus Cancer) Test Free

15. *Anti Cancer Injection* for Girls  aged 14 yrs to 24 yrs.

16. *Hearing Aids* for Sr. Citizens @ 50% of the actual cost. Free for deserving children by Birth.

17. *Notebooks and other staionery items* to all students on discounted rates during summer vacation.

18. *Scholarship* for Higher Education for deserving candidates for *BE MBBS CA CS BPHARM MCA & selected  MBA students.*

*Visit*
www.kambarda bar.org & submit Form with all required enclosures.

Kindly contact on email p_zijn zasa...@rediffmail.com

*NO NEED OF ANY  RECOMMENDATIONS.*

*KINDLY SHARE*

Though Indian cities are spending millions on incentivising waste minimization, they are not aware of the quantity of waste each is generating. According to leading Indian environmentalist Sunita Narain, the country is in a “messy” state because technology to be implemented is decided before looking into the composition of the waste.


In an exclusive interview with TOI, Narain, who is also the director of Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), tells how we need to deep dive into real-time data rather than “aping the west”. Stressing the need for adopting a decentralized waste management, Narain suggests ways to clean-up one of the largest waste generator countries. Excerpts from the interview:

It’s almost 18 years since solid waste management rules have been in place. Yet, they remain unimplemented in many cities where garbage heaps are only piling up. The Supreme Court recently observed that “India will go down under garbage one day”. Who is to be blamed for this mess?

We are to be blamed for this. Waste is a problem in our country because everyone thinks it is someone else’s job. Also, there is clearly a lack of administrative will to do this job. Cleanliness is not just sweeping cities, it is about having an end-to-end mechanism to process, reuse and recycle waste. Only this can change the present scenario.

Having worked in this area for years, do you think solid waste management in India has witnessed any evolution?

The last few years have seen a paradigm shift in waste management, with the major focus being towards segregation at source and processing. While the principles of solid waste management are being better understood and more discussed, the attention of civic officials towards collection of segregated waste and its transportation, treatment/processing, recycling and safe disposal is still in a nascent stage. Consumer behaviour patterns in Indian cities have also not adapted to facilitate the process of waste management by segregating biodegradable waste from others at the source.

Have national missions managed to bring down the garbage?

Solid Waste Management Rules (2016) provide a reasonable framework to address the multiple challenges of municipal solid waste management in India. Strategic direction and funding by the central government through missions such as AMRUT, Smart Cities and Swachh Bharat have also created an environment in which there is a focus on this problem. But it is not adequate. It is extremely important to translate the vision from the rules and missions into an operational integrated strategy of solid waste management.

Most of the Indian cities are being buried under garbage. Can the government afford to allocate hefty funds for financing solid waste management in all of them?

Our cities are spending crores of rupees in establishing systems that incentivise collection and disposal of waste with little or minimal processing. This is the biggest blunder as the shift should be towards ensuring segregation and processing at source. This way, we can not only reduce our dependence on landfill sites by 70-80% but also look at waste as a resource.

For tackling waste, should we go for an indigenous technology or follow what other countries are doing?

Rather than aping the west, we need to re-look and reinvent our waste management plans and the starting point should be a deep dive into real-time data. Till date, cities do not have figures on how much waste they are generating. Their data is obsolete and redundant. We need to survey it again and come up with a proper inventory on how much a city generates. After this, we need to re-look the city-wise waste composition — quantity of biodegradable, dry, recyclable, non-recyclable and inert waste. Only then we can decide a technology. The problem now is that we decide a technology and spend crores before we look into what goes into the waste.

Which are the cities that have managed to treat their waste in the best possible scientific manner?

Alappuzha in Kerala is implementing a 100 % decentralized model where residents segregate at source, wet waste is treated at source and dry waste goes for recycling. The municipality has drastically reduced its budget on solid waste management — it does not spends millions in collection and transportation. Instead, it has invested in creating awareness and provision of subsidies on in situ technologies. Some other cities include Mysuru, Panjim, Vengurla and Panchgani too are doing it.

Are there different solutions for different cities or a one-stop solution for the entire country?

Smaller cities definitely have the option of going in for decentralized technologies but bigger cities need to re-look into their existing systems and modify it — from collection to dumping to processing. For instance, Delhi, which generates a gargantuan 10,500 TPD of waste per day, dumps 40-50% of it in the three dumpsites. The city has 1,700 dhalaos (secondary transfer stations) and these can be redesigned into processing centres. Our cities need hybrid solutions.

Various petitions were filed in different courts on solid waste and there are many stringent orders. But the situation remains unchanged.

Judgements are passed, rules are made, but nothing happens on the ground because monitoring is lax.


The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) aided by the Goa State Pollution Control Board (GSPCB) in association with Margao Municipal Council (MMC), held a waste management awareness rally at Margao, on Thursday.
The rally involving around 250 students of two prominent Margao schools _ Manovikas and Bhatikar _ with the message segregation at source' was flagged off by chief minister Digambar Kamat from the Anafonte garden.
"Segregation at source is the best solution to municipal solid waste management which is one of the most pressing environmental problems in Goa today," said Kamat while assuring that MMC will be actively involved in solving the garbage problem through various such programmes.
"It is the concern of the government to come up with the best solution to tackle waste. Cooperation of all agencies and the community is of utmost importance in the mission," said Kamat.

GSPCB chairman Dr L U Joshi called upon the government machinery to enforce strict implementation of the waste management rules in the state. "The GSPCB is just a statutory body which can only give suggestions and directions. It is the prime responsibility of the government to act tough," he said.
Joshi told TOI that New Delhi has already sanctioned Rs 8.57 lakh towards the awareness project and Margao is the first city to see the programme's implementation.
"Ponda and Panjim will be the next destinations of the programme which aims at giving the much required impetus to the municipal solid waste management programme in the state," said Joshi.

For the past eight months, TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) has been working on an awareness raising project in the MMC which is set to commence Door to Door Collection of Segregated Waste' in six wards from January 1, 2009.
"In keeping with the Municipal Waste Handling Rules 2000, the project advocates waste reduction and segregation at source as a preliminary step for municipal solid waste management. The project hence motivates and solicits the participation of the various stakeholders by spreading awareness and training," fellow and area convenor of TERI, Dr B S Choudri, said.
As part of the ongoing project titled Facilitating Municipal Solid Waste Management through Awareness and Training' in Margao, workshops for teachers and students of Manovikas and Bhatikar School were conducted in July 2008. "In addition, TERI has contributed towards the capacity building of primary school teachers on the issue related to Solid Waste Management under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in December 2008," TERI associate fellow Saltanat Kazi said.
"TERI works closely with students as we believe students help in transmitting the information to other sections of society as well. When the message is put across by children, it has a greater impact as it subtly questions people's ability to comprehend and make necessary changes in behaviour. Further, working with teachers will help in having the message transmitted to students on a continued basis. Hence TERI worked on soliciting the support from students and the school authorities to participate in the campaign," said Dr Choudri.
Subsequent to these workshops, competitions on topics related to waste management were conducted. Competitions like drawing, painting, poster making, slogan writing, essay writing, collage making and projects were held wherein over 600 students participated. Work of the students was displayed at the Anafonte garden and prizes and certificates were awarded.


India alone generate more than 1,00,000 metric tonnes of solid waste every day, which is higher than many countries’ total daily waste generation taken together, Y S Chowdary, minister of state of science and Technology said at an Assocham event held in New Delhi.
“Large metropolis such as Mumbai and Delhi generate around 9,000 metric tonnes and 8,300 metric tonnes of waste per day, respectively. India suffers from inefficient and insufficient waste infrastructure and also from increasing rates of solid waste generation per capita. Issues of service quality and waste quantity need to be handled together. Besides, the infrastructure and technologies, we must also concede that we have not addressed the issue from a systemic perspective,” said Chowdary, inaugurating an Assocham Conference on 5th national conference and awards on waste to wealth.
Management of solid waste through collection, processing, transportation and disposal in India is the responsibility of urban local bodies (ULBs). ULBs are responsible for segregated waste collection, transporting waste in covered vehicle, processing, recyclables, separating domestic hazardous waste and disposing inert material in sanitary landfills.
But most ULBs in India struggle to provide efficient waste management services due to financial problems, lack of infrastructure and technology, and a lack of involvement from the private sector and non-governmental organisations.
“We all generate waste and we want the government to handle the waste generated by us. When I say that, waste management is a totally public funded or government funded activity. This is not the case in many parts of the world. That has to change, as the burden can’t be local government or urban local bodies,” said Chowdary.
Indian government has taken up a number of initiatives to augment the country’s waste management infrastructure. Under the Jawaharlal Nehru Renewal Mission, the government of India funded 49 solid waste management projects in various cities between 2006 and 2009.
“Solid waste management was made a priority in the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, which is a part of India’s National Action Plan for Climate Change. At present, the Central government has been implementing Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a cleanliness campaign emphasising waste management at different stages of generation, collection, and disposal”, he added.
Another national level initiative aimed at improved waste management is the Smart Cities mission under which 100 cities will be provided with significant funding to improve civic services infrastructure.
In smaller cities, the Central government has started a partner scheme, the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, aimed at improving urban infrastructure. State governments also provide financial support to ULBs to improve their waste management system under various schemes and programs.
As a result of these initiatives, many Indian cities have taken steps towards implementing good solid waste management practices aimed at community-based waste segregation and collection, public-private partnerships and investments in modern technology.
“It is high-time that we realize waste management is not only essential from a public welfare perspective. It can also contribute to economic growth, if the recycling industry is promoted alongside eco-industrial production. Such an integrated approach would put India at an advantage while managing its growing solid wastes”, he pointed. "We should work towards addressing the role of informal sector in solid waste management, and introducing economic instruments in waste management," the Minister said.

Personal Loans for Unemployed

The process of a loan sanction is not as easy as it sounds. A lot of factors are considered while granting a loan to an individual.Even an individual with a good job has to go through a tedious process and various verifications to avail a loan. Where does that leave an unemployed individual who needs a loan to make ends meet? Many of these unemployed individuals might have been just out of work, in between jobs or quit their jobs to start their own ventures. Most of the banks and financial institutions dont grant loans to unemployed individuals. But there are several banks which have provide cash personal loans for unemployed crowd. The personal loan amount granted under theses schemes can be used by the individual to even start their own venture.

Types of cash personal loans for the unemployed

Listed below are the types of cash loans available for the unemployed

• Same day loans for the unemployed-It can be hard for an unemployed person to get loans easily and getting loans the same day seems almost impossible. But Same Day Loans for the unemployed makes it possible for an unemployed person to avail loans within a day. These loans are usually short term loans and require the applicant to be over 18 years of age with a valid bank account irrespective of whether they are employed or have a bad credit.
• Unsecured loans for the unemployed- One can avail unsecured loans if they are unemployed without any risk of losing a pledged asset. Unsecured loans come with a higher interest rate with varied repayment tenure periods.An unemployment unsecured loan application can be made stronger by getting onboard a cosigner who is in a better position financially.
• No credit check loans for unemployed- No credit check loans is the best option for those who are unemployed and have a bad credit history.This kind of loan requires no collateral.
• Payday loans for unemployed-Payday loans for unemployed are granted without any credit checks.Interest rates for payday loans tend to be higher than the normal loans.
• Long term loans for unemployed-The best part about long term loans for unemployed is that the anyone can apply for the loan irrespective of their credit history or employment status.In this kind of loan, the borrower can pledge an asset and take the loan.

Benefits of Cash loans for unemployed

Listed below are the benefits of Cash loans for unemployed.

• Unemployed individuals can avail loans.
• Most of the loan plans require no collateral.
• Same day loans for unemployed plan for emergency cash.
• Individuals with bad credit history can avail the loan.
• Flexible tenure periods.
• Availability of short term and long term loans

Disadvantages of Cash loans for unemployed

The disadvantages of Cash loans for unemployed is listed below.

• Higher interest rates.
• Terms are set by the bank.
• Smaller loan amounts.
• Fewer banks offer loans for unemployed.There is not much to choose from.
• Most of the banks/financial institutions require collateral.
• Requirement of a cosigner for some of the plans offered for unemployed individuals.

Cash loans for unemployed in India

The loan plans for the unemployed in India is different from the loan plans in other countries. There are no payday cash loan plans, same day cash loan plans for the unemployed in India. Some of the banks in India offer unsecured loan. The government has several loan plans drafted for the unemployed crowd in India.

Government loan plans for unemployed in India

• Prime Ministers Rozgar Yojana-This scheme has been designed especially for the unemployed.The main of the scheme is to provide employment to the unemployed by providing them financial resources to start their own ventures. The loan is available to any youth who is educated up to standard grade 8 in India. The loan is of composite nature and a loan of Rs.2 lakh and a loan of Rs.5 lakh is advanced for business sector and industry sector respectively.
• All unemployed individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 are eligible for the loan.
• The income of the beneficiary with the spouse or their parents should not exceed Rs.1 lakh p.a.
• Loan subsidy for unemployed youth-Tamil Nadu government has a scheme for the unemployed called NEEDS(New Entrepreneur and Enterprise Development scheme).Under this scheme the state government provides 25% subsidy for loans for unemployed youth who are graduates.Collateral for the loan through banks is decided by the bank. The project estimate is between Rs.5 lakh and Rs.1 crore and the infrastructure cost of the project cant exceed 25% of the loan.
• Cash loans for the unemployed by the Government of West Bengal-The government of West Bengal has a loan scheme for the unemployed wherein a loan of Rs.50,000 will be granted.The main aim of the plan is to help unemployed youth to start their own business/ventures.Youths between the age of 18 and 45 are eligible for this plan.
• Agriculture loan for the unemployed-The government has collaborated with many banks to provide financial resources for unemployed agriculture graduates. This loan can be utilised for any kind of agricultural projects. Any unemployed agricultural graduate above the age of 22 years old is eligible for this loan.

Secured unemployment loans- Secured unemployment loans are sanctioned against a collateral or security. In this loan scheme, the borrower pledges an asset to the lender based on which the lender sanctions the loan. The loan amount depends on the value of the asset pledged.

Benefits of secured unemployment loan:

Listed below are the benefits of secured unemployment loans.

• Lower interest rates
• Flexible loan repayment terms
• Long term tenure
• Smaller individual loan payments
• Tax deductible interest

Disadvantages of secured unemployment loan:

Listed below are the disadvantages of secured unemployment loans.

• Risk of possession of asset by the lender if the loan is not repaid in time.
• The borrower should be the owner of the property that is being pledged.
• Loan term is set by the lender.
• More expensive in the longer run

Unsecured unemployment loans-Unsecured loans is another way through which unemployed individuals in India can avail loans.Unlike secured loans, there is no need for collateral in unsecured loans and it comes with a higher rate of interest.A good credit history will increase the chances of availing Unsecured Loans in India.

Benefits of unsecured unemployment loans-

Listed below are the benefits of unsecured unemployment loans.

• No need for collateral.
• No need for cosigner.
• Unemployed individuals can get a loan under this scheme.
• Quicker loan approvals.
• Less documentation.

Disadvantages of unsecured unemployment loans-

Listed below are the disadvantages of unsecured unemployment loans.

• Higher rate of interest
• Higher individual loan payments.
• Terms are decided by the lender.
• Short term loans.

भारत मेरा देश है।
सब भारतवासी मेरे भाई-बहन है।
मैं अपने देश से प्रेम करता/करती हूं।
इसकी समृद्ध एवं विविध संस्कृति पर मुझे गर्व है।
मैं सदा इसका सुयोग्य अधिकारी बनने का प्रयत्न करता/करती रहूँगा/रहूँगी।
मैं अपने माता-पिता, शिक्षको एवं गुरुजनो का सम्मान करूँगा/करूँगी और प्रत्येक के साथ विनीत रहूँगा/रहूँगी।
मैं अपने देश और देशवाशियों के प्रति सत्यनिष्ठा की प्रतिज्ञा करता/करती हूँ।
इनके कल्याण एवं समृद्धि में ही मेरा सुख निहित है।

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Indian pledge in Odia

The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has extended the due date for filing of Income Tax Returns to August 31, 2018, for categories of taxpayers who were to file their returns by July 31.

The decision comes days ahead of the July 31 deadline, which several groups had requested the government to push to later.

CBDT had notified the new income tax return forms for assessment year 2018-19 on April 5. Experts said the introduction of new forms was leading to delays in filing of returns.

Further, the CBDT had said non-filing of ITR before the due date from this assessment year would lead to a penalty of Rs 1,000, 5,000 and Rs 10,000, depending on when the returns were filed after the deadline. The fine for taxpayers having income under Rs 5 lakh remained at Rs 1,000.


ITR 1 Sahaj:

Applicable to individuals that are an ordinary resident in India deriving income from salaries, one house property, other sources and having total income upto Rs 50 Lacs.

ITR 2:

It is applicable to any individual having total income exceeding Rs. 50 Lacs or having foreign asset/income or having more than one residential house property or income from capital gain or HUF.

ITR-3:

It is applicable to individuals and HUFs deriving income from profits and gains from business or profession along-with any income from salaries or house property or capital gains or other sources.

ITR-4 SUGAM:

It is for resident taxpayers (Individual, HUF, Firm other than LLP), who have opted for presumptive income scheme as laid down under section 44AD, 44ADA and 44AE of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

ITR-5:

This form can be used by a person being a Firm, Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP), AOP/BOI, Private discretionary trust, an Artificial juridical person referred to in section 2(31)(vii), Cooperative Society and Local authority.

ITR-6:

This form is being used by Company, other than a company claiming exemption under section 11 of the Income Tax Act. The ITR also introduces a new Schedule for Ind AS Compliant companies wherein they are required to disclose the balance sheet and P/L account in the same format as prescribed under the Companies Act, 2013

ITR-7:

Required to be filed when individuals including companies fall under section 139(4A) or 139(4B) or 139(4C) or 139(4D) or 139(4E) or 139(4F). This ITR form is basically meant for trusts claiming exemptions u/s 11 of the Act, Political party, Mutual funds, Securitization trust, and other specified assesses.

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Herring fish in marathi is Bhingi Maasa.

Classification of fishes

Fin fish Cephalopods Shell fish(invertibrates)



Flat fish (White/lean) Oily fish(round fish) Mollusc Crustacean



Univalve Bivalve


Fin fishes: Fin fishes are vertebrates and have skin and scales which cover the body. They move with the help of their fins. They are further subdivided into

Flat fish: also known as lean or white fish, these are mainly flat fish and contain oil in the liver. Most of these are deep sea fish.Eg: Sole, lemon sole, Skate, Flounder, Turbot, Dab,Halibut,Brill,etc. A real flat fish will have both the eyes on same side. Common Local examples are Sole, pomfret.
Oily (round fish): these are mainly round fish and contain fat all over the body.the amount of fat varies from 0.5 to 20%. These are often pigmented and tend to be surface fish. Fresh water fish include Trout,crap,pike, eel, salmon, Sea water fish include red mullet, sea brass, red snapper,gray mullet,cod,hake,whiting,sardine,whitebait,sprat.herring,smelt,Pollack,monk fish, and haddock etc.
Cephalopods: These type of fish have neither bones nor shell. Some of them have a small cartiliage eg: Squid, Octopus, Cuttle fish etc.

Shellfish: Shell fish may be divided into

Univalves: these are recognized by the characteristic spiral formation of their shells, unlike those of bivalves, are not divided into halves. Eg Whelks, winkles etc.
Bivalves: these have two distinctly separated shells joined by a hinge like membrane.The movements of shell are controlled by a strong muscle. when the muscle relax the twon halve shell opens, but when the organism dies, thus exposing the inner contents to contamination from outside, resulting in the quick purification eg: Oysters, scallops,mussels,clamps,cockles. The shells of the mollusks increase at the rate of one ring per year.the age of mollusk can be roughly estimated my the no of rings on its shell.
Crustaceans: These have a segmented body, and a crust like shell eg: lobster,prawns,crabs,crayfish(has claws) crawfish (has no claws).


Price survey at a local market



Name of the fish Classification Price/Qty

English/local

1)Pomfret/paplet(M) flat fin fish 600-700/pc

2)Big pomfret flat fin fish 800/pc

3) White pomfret(M) flat fin fish 600/2pc

4)Black pomfret(M) flat fin fish 600/2pc

5)Mori(M) flat fish 60(2)pc

6)Tarli(s) small flat 10(7-9pc)

7)Tola(sawfish) long flat 60(6-8pc)

8)Small tola long flat 50(6-8pc)

9)Surmai(king fish) Round scaly 600(pc)

10)Halwa Round long scaly 700(pc)

11)Pateli Round small 10 (7-8pc)

12)Bombil (Bombay duck) Long tapering 40(7-8pc)

13)Pedve(Sardine) Small pigmented round 10(7-8pc)

14)Motyali Long round pigmented 50(pc)

15)Bangda(Mackerel) small round pigmented 10 (6-7pc)

16)Panla Medium round pigmented 60(pc)

17)Kharbi small pigmented 30(6-7pc)

18)Bhingi Medium round pigmented 100(pc)

19)Rawas King size(Indian salmon) Large round pigmented king size 3000(pc)***

20)Katla(Climbing perch) Round scaly large 150(pc)

21)Rohu(grease crap fish) round scaly large 150(pc)

22)Mussels Bivalve 20(9-10pc)

23)Clams Bivalve 20(7-9pc)

24)Crab Crustaceans 200(6pc)

25)Lobster (M) Crustaceans 700(6pc)

26)Karandi(small prawns) Crustaceans 10(vata)

27)Kalwa Bivalve 10(vata)

28)Squid(S) Cephalopods 50(6-9pc)


UNDERSTANDING FISH


Marine and fresh water fish were an important part of mans diet long before the cultivation of vegetables or the rearing of poultry and other domestic animals. Fish provides vitamins and protein, and were easy to catch and prepare – it is even likely that a large proportion was eaten raw. In Egypt, fish was abundant and cheap, cheaper than even bread! Even in early history, people of the Iberian peninsula were catching fish like anchovies and sardines and exporting them to as far away as Asia Minor. In Europe, pike provided both sport and food and in 17th Century Scotland, salmon was so common that it was forbidden by law for employers to give their workers salmon more than three times a week. Carp, a fish that was often reared in ponds and lakes in Europe, the Middle East, China and Japan often provided inspiration for cooks and poets alike! The most valuable fish of all time is the herring, which still constitutes 1/3rd of the worlds catch, approx. 20 million tons. Cod, mackerel and tuna follow close behind.


The introduction of refrigerated air transport in the 1960’s precipitated a revolutionary change in the fish industry. This made fresh fish available anywhere a jet could fly. Another revolutionary change in the fish industry is aqua-culture. Although it has been practiced in limited forms for centuries, it has expanded widely only in the last few years. Fish is still regarded as an important source of food for man. One cubic acre of ocean can produce 3,000 pounds of edible product, which far exceeds the capacity of an acre of tillable soil. Trout, salmon, shrimps and prawns are now being widely cultivated. Consistency of flavor and texture is a benefit of farmed fish.

COMPOSITION & STRUCTURE


The edible flesh of fish, like that of meat and poultry, consists of water, protein, fats, small amounts of vitamins and minerals. The differences are however more important than the similarities. Fish has very little connective tissue. Therefore:


Fish cooks very quickly.
Fish is naturally tender.
Cooked and uncooked fish must be handled very carefully or it will fall apart.

CLASSIFICATION OF FISH


Fish and seafood may be grouped into categories by their structure. Depending upon the structure, the method of cooking the various categories of fish will also vary. There are hundreds of varieties of fish all over the world but only a few are acceptable for human consumption.


HOW TO SELECT FISH:


The following points must be borne in mind while buying fish:

There should be no unpleasant fishy odor.
The fish should look fresh and shiny.
The gills under the dorsal fin should be red, not gray in color.
The tail should be stiff (you should be able to hold small fish upright!).
The flesh should be firm and not flabby.
No impressions should be left when touching the flesh.
The scales if any should be plentiful.
The eyes of the fish should be bright and shiny and not sunken.
If a piece of a large fish is involved, it should not be falling off the bone.
The flesh of a large piece of fish should not be discolored and yellowish.


In the case of Shell fish:

They should preferably be bought alive.
If not, they should be heavy for their size.
The eyes of crustaceans must be bright and protruding.
The tail of prawns, shrimp and lobster should be springy and not limp.
Bi valves such as oysters and clams should be tightly shut.


STORAGE OF FISH:

Ideally, fish should be consumed as fresh as possible to retain its flavor and texture. However, most fish can be frozen for later use but only after cleaning it of all internal organs. Freezing must take place at 0°C (-18°F) and must never be re frozen after defrosting. For very short time storage, fish must be stored at refrigerated temperatures of 3-5°C. Fish should be cooked soon after cleaning and marinating. Certain fish such as clams need special storage (in salt water). Proper attention must be paid to the storage of fish, as it tends to deteriorate and spoil very quickly. When storing fish in the refrigerator, take care that other foods such as milk do not absorb the fishy odors!

COOKING OF FISH
Boiling: Can be done to obtain a court bouillon or when the fish needs to be flakes for a salad or for cutlets.

Steaming: Is ideal for large fish and to retain nutritive value.

Grilling: Usually oily fish is good for grilling, as it possesses natural fats.

Frying: White fish and be pan, shallow or deep fried normally with a coating.

Baking: Is suitable for medium and large fish and can be stuffed.

THE CUTS OF FISH
FILLET

DARNE

TRONCON

SUPREME

GOUJONS

DELICE

PAUPIETTE

ROULADE




Nutritive value of fish

Doctors suggests that fish, instead of meat, should be used as the protein source several times a week because of the possible benefits of fish oils for coronary artery diseases.

Fish is a high-quality protein. Fish and shell-fish contain about 19% protein that is similar in amino acid composition to that found in muscle meats. The content varies from 1 to 20% depending upon the species and the season of the year. This is a substantially lower fat content than beef.

Fish contains protein of high biological value, essential minerals, vitamins and fats. Shellfish and salt-water fish are rich in iodine and fluorine, in addition to appreciable traces of cobalt, and for that reason make a valuable contribution the diet.

Fish is also a satisfactory source of magnesium, phosphorus, iron and copper. Shellfish generally have a higher calcium and iodine content that fish. Herring and oysters are exceptionally high in zinc.

A serving of fatty fish such salmon, mackerel and sardine will supply about 10% of the daily allowance of Vitamin D. The natural oil found in canned fish should be used, since it too is valuable source of these vitamins. An average serving of either fatty or lean fish will supply about 10% of thiamin, 15% riboflavin and 50% of the niacin required daily.

Fish and shellfish have high levels of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially Omega-3 fatty acids, which tend to lower blood cholesterol by depressing low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration Omega-3 fatty acids appear to also reduce levels of plasma triglyceride, in particular very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The mechanism by which PUFA in diet lowers plasma lipid, especially cholesterol, is unclear.

Fish and shellfish are excellent source of easily digestible protein of high nutritional value. Tests have shown that 85% to 95% of the protein is assimilable.

Based on these facts, it is recommended that fish should be used as the protein source, instead of meat, several times a week because of the possible benefits of fish oils for coronary artery disease. Studies have indicated that by consuming more fish and oils (such as salmon or mackerel), cardiac mortality can be reduced and possible underlying coronary atherosclerosis improved.

Fish also contains important vitamins and minerals
Fish is an excellent source of the B vitamin niacin (Niacin assists in the functioning of the digestive system, skin, and nerves. It is also important for the conversion of food to energy) and B12 (Vitamin B12 is critical to building DNA and RNA, the maintenance of the nervous system, fatty acid synthesis, homocysteine metabolism and energy production), and in general is a better source of Vitamins D and A than beef, pork or chicken. The Vitamin D is vital for the formation of bones. Fish can also contribute appreciable amounts of dietary calcium, home iron and zinc, nutrients that tend to be low in people's diets. Fish is among the best sources of dietary selenium.

Fish and allergies
A food allergy is an immune system response to a food that the body mistakenly believes is harmful. Once the immune system decides that a particular food is harmful, it creates specific antibodies to it.

The next time the individual eats that food, the immune system releases massive amounts of chemicals, including histamine, in order to protect the body. These chemicals trigger a cascade of allergic symptoms that can affect the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or cardiovascular system.

At the present time, there is no cure for food allergy. Avoidance is the only way to prevent an reaction.

Allergic reactions to fish and shellfish are commonly reported in both adults and children. It is generally recommended that individuals who have had an allergic reaction to one species of fish or positive skin tests to fish avoid all fish. The same rule applies to shellfish. If you have a fish allergy but would like to have fish in your diet, speak with your allergist about the possibility of being challenged with various types of fish.

Fish-allergic individuals should be cautious when eating away from home. They should avoid fish and seafood restaurants because of the risk of contamination in the food-preparation area of their "non-fish" meal from a counter, spatula, cooking oil, fryer, or grill exposed to fish.











A brief history about fisherman’s community of Mumbai who are popularly known as “Kohlis”:

The Kolis-fisherfolk-of Mumbai are a distinct community. In Their dress, their language, their food and their lifestyle they are easily distinguishable. Especially the economically independent Koli women who are aggressive to the point of being quarrelsome.

Blocking the exit of the ladies compartment in the local train, dressed traditionally in their bright patterned sarees, noisily exchanging greetings, are the fisherwomen who squat on the floor of the train with their huge baskets of the fish. Working women hold their neatly pleated, flowing sarees well above their ankles as they gingerly tip-toe around them to avoid any close encounter with the fishy kind. If you hold your nose close to the offensive smell, the fisherwomen range in annoyance and God help you if you dare to object to the presence of her stinking fish in the commuters compartment. She’ll not merely threaten to douche you with fish water but I have been witness to a wrathful fisherwoman fling a fish rather accurately at a very well dressed young woman reducing her to tears!

Kolis, as the fisherfolk are known in Mumbai, are known to be easily excitable. Even an ordinary conversation between them often leads to a noisy quarrel in which abuses are easily exchanged. An exaggeration it may be but the statement is not inaccurate, that ‘a Koli sentence never begins without a vulgar epithet.’ Rather pleased with her aggressive image is the kolin and in the regional Marathi language kolin has become a synonym for an ‘abusive quarrelsome woman’. The kolis speak a local variation of Konkani which is a dialect of Marathi.

The Kolin’s entire position in society, her freedom of speech and action it a result of her economic power and independence arising from her kurga (her daily earnings). Dealing, as she has to, with all sorts of customers at the bazaar or during her door to door sales, she learns to quickly shed all coyness and freely interact with the men. She provides tremendous economic stability to the family and hence will not tolerate a bullying or wayward husband. Her financial position makes her more than welcome with her parents.

In return for her economic power she pays rather heavily by way of hard work. Her day begins at the break of dawn. After cooking for the family she takes off to the wharf to buy her fish and returns home only after the heavy load on her head is sold. At home, innumerous chores like mending fishing nets, fish baskets and drying to fish await her attention.

The Kolis are divided into two main occupational classes: the Dolkars and states. The Dolkars do the actual fishing while the latter purchase the haul wholesale. They usually set forth in boats to meet the returning Dolkars and buy the fish. Their popular folk song Dolkar dariyacha Raja (Dolkar, the king of the sea) underlines his supremacy.




The name Dolkar is derived from dol or dhola the large funnel shaped net. The smaller nets are known as jal. Every Koli house comprises an oti (verandah) which is reserved for weaving and repairing nets. Though house patterns differ, every house has a chool (kitchen), vathan (room) and a devghar (the worship room). Even in the poorest of families, living in one room tenements

one corner of the house is reserved for the God. Deeply religious, even the Christian converts, follow their original Hindu beliefs as well. The annual pilgrimage to the shrine of Ekvira, at the Karla caves in Pune district in undertaken by both the Hindus and the Christian Kolis. The chief Hindu religious festivals are ‘Gauru Shimga’ and ‘Narial Poornima’. No. Koli whatever his faith, will recommence fishing after the rainy season without offering a coconut to the sea on Narial Poornima day.

The Hindu Kolis worship Mahadev, Hanuman and Khandoba and the Christian Kolis worship these and images of Christ and Virgin Mary. A few worship ancestors (Vir) and are known in the community as Virkar in opposition to the Devkars who worship only God. The oldest members of the family both male and female are also worshipped.

Songs from an important part of the Kolis culture. Almost every ceremony of restival has its special song without which the ceremony does not commence. At the beginning of every such song a stanza is devoted to the deities. The deities are invoked andinvited to the ceremony.

‘Gondan’ (tattooing) to is given religious significance as it is considered a mark of recognition by God. They believe that after death at the gates of heaven a woman is asked Godhun aali ki choruni? (Do you bear the mark of God or are you sneaking in?).

The name Mumbai is derived from the goddess, ‘Mumba’, the patron deity of the pre-Christian Kolis, the earliest inhabitants of the island. In the present day the shrine of Mumbadevi, situated at the south-west corner of the Mumbadevi tank in the very heart of the city is accorded more reverence than perhaps any other shrine.

Various records reveal that Kolis have been found in Mumbai from early times. Dr. Gerson da Cunha in the book ‘Origin of Mumbai’ describes old Mumbai as ‘the desolate islet of the Mumbai Koli fishermen. The Kolis are reported to have occupied the land in A.D. 1138.

Mumbai-Heptanesia as it was once known, comprised seven separate and amorphous isles namely Kolaba, Old Woman’s Island, Mumbai, Mazagaon, Sion, Worli and Mahim (all of which have now been joined by bridges and reclamations). Records of the earlier settlements of Mumbai speak of Koli villages in all the seven islands. Though they are completely dwarfed by the highrise, congested apartments, Koli villages exist all along the sea coast of Mumbai even today. Mazagaon, it is believed, owes its name to fish, Machchagaun meaning fish-village, Kolaba means the Koli estate.

In the matter of dress too, Kolis possess an individuality. Standing out distinctly, even in the sea of humanity that is Mumbai, is the koli who has not given up his or her traditional attire. The dress of a Koli woman consists of two or three garments namely a lugat(sari), a choli (blouse) and a parkhi (a shoulder scarf). The Christian Kolis don’t use a parkhi and wear a typical red-checked saree with a tiny border and use the palla of the saree to cover their shoulders. Lugat is really the lower garment, nine yards in length in bright floral designs. It is worn in a peculiar way so that when draped at the waist it reaches just below the knees and is drawn up tightly between the legs.

The men generally wear a surkha (a loin cloth). It is a square piece of cloth, thrown diagonally in front on a string tied round the waist. The lower end of the cloth is tightly drawn through the legs and knotted at the back so as to cover the divided of the buttocks. A waist-coat and close fitting cap complete the attire. When not at sea the modern Koli wears a pair of pants and shirts.

Fond jewellery, even their men wear armlets, bangles and earnings. The women don’t believe in bank accounts and invest almost all their savings in gold. They wear traditional chunky typically Koli jewellery like the earnings patterned like the Pisces symbol (fish swimming in opposite directions) worn by almost all of them.

Otherwise the Kolis live a very simple life. The ordinary Koli meal consists of curry (ambat), rice, and fried fish. When at sea the men eat dried fish and rice gruel. They make a lot of sweet dishes at the Koli women are extremely fond of them. You only wish it would give them a sweet-tongue!